九州算术数学论坛's Archiver

kitty 发表于 2007-5-23 17:15

“希望杯”数学邀请赛培训题(三)答案解析

  51.[img=21,17]http://www.aoshu.cn/UpF_Article/2006-12/2006127124720351.gif[/img]形的面积等于矩形面积[img=21,19]http://www.aoshu.cn/UpF_Article/2006-12/2006127124720846.gif[/img]减去三个小三角形面积,而三个小三角形面积恰好是短形面积的[img=16,41]http://www.aoshu.cn/UpF_Article/2006-12/2006127124721842.gif[/img],所以[img=63,41]http://www.aoshu.cn/UpF_Article/2006-12/2006127124721630.gif[/img]
  52.○中填的数是:[img=169,41]http://www.aoshu.cn/UpF_Article/2006-12/2006127124721987.gif[/img]   
□中填的数是:[img=252,41]http://www.aoshu.cn/UpF_Article/2006-12/2006127124721919.gif[/img]
而  [img=373,41]http://www.aoshu.cn/UpF_Article/2006-12/2006127124721304.gif[/img]
  53.○中填1,△中填0,□填8。(1+8)×0=0.
  54.由-3,-2,-1,4,5中任取三个相乘可得10种不同的乘积,它们是
(-3)(-2)(-1)=-6,(-3)(-2)4=24,(-3)(-2)5=20,
(-3)(-1)4=12,(-3)(-1)·5=15,(-3)(4)(5)=-60,
(-2)(-1)·4=8,(-2)(-1)·5=10,(-2)·4·5=-40,(-1)·4·5=-20.
最大乘积是30,最小的乘积是-60.-(-30)÷-60=-[img=16,41]http://www.aoshu.cn/UpF_Article/2006-12/2006127124721725.gif[/img]


  55.[img=200,83]http://www.aoshu.cn/UpF_Article/2006-12/2006127124721982.gif[/img]    1-[img=164,45]http://www.aoshu.cn/UpF_Article/2006-12/2006127124721319.gif[/img]
=[img=197,87]http://www.aoshu.cn/UpF_Article/2006-12/2006127124721580.gif[/img]=[img=197,83]http://www.aoshu.cn/UpF_Article/2006-12/2006127124721195.gif[/img]
=[img=315,83]http://www.aoshu.cn/UpF_Article/2006-12/2006127124722999.gif[/img]
  56.按规则,甲同学的标准体重为161-110=51,正常体重应在[img=91,21]http://www.aoshu.cn/UpF_Article/2006-12/2006127124722708.gif[/img]与[img=92,21]http://www.aoshu.cn/UpF_Article/2006-12/2006127124722114.gif[/img]之间,即[img=145,21]http://www.aoshu.cn/UpF_Article/2006-12/2006127124722617.gif[/img]所以[img=108,19]http://www.aoshu.cn/UpF_Article/2006-12/2006127124723190.gif[/img]
  57.若[img=41,21]http://www.aoshu.cn/UpF_Article/2006-12/2006127124723192.gif[/img]则[img=197,21]http://www.aoshu.cn/UpF_Article/2006-12/2006127124723818.gif[/img]
若[img=13,15]http://www.aoshu.cn/UpF_Article/2006-12/2006127124723356.gif[/img]<0,则[img=215,21]http://www.aoshu.cn/UpF_Article/2006-12/2006127124723141.gif[/img]>0.所以[img=172,21]http://www.aoshu.cn/UpF_Article/2006-12/2006127124723366.gif[/img]的最小值是0.

  58.[img=317,63]http://www.aoshu.cn/UpF_Article/2006-12/2006127124723443.gif[/img]
=[img=297,63]http://www.aoshu.cn/UpF_Article/2006-12/2006127124724370.gif[/img]
=[img=316,71]http://www.aoshu.cn/UpF_Article/2006-12/2006127124724953.gif[/img]
  59.由图可见,[img=261,21]http://www.aoshu.cn/UpF_Article/2006-12/2006127124724981.gif[/img]
又  [img=223,21]http://www.aoshu.cn/UpF_Article/2006-12/2006127124724461.gif[/img];[img=235,21]http://www.aoshu.cn/UpF_Article/2006-12/2006127124724350.gif[/img]
由图可知  [img=189,21]http://www.aoshu.cn/UpF_Article/2006-12/2006127124724244.gif[/img]  所以:[img=487,23]http://www.aoshu.cn/UpF_Article/2006-12/2006127124724246.gif[/img][img=460,21]http://www.aoshu.cn/UpF_Article/2006-12/2006127124725681.gif[/img]
  60.分三种情况讨论:
(1)       当[img=56,41]http://www.aoshu.cn/UpF_Article/2006-12/2006127124725469.gif[/img]时,
[img=143,41]http://www.aoshu.cn/UpF_Article/2006-12/2006127124725471.gif[/img][img=476,45]http://www.aoshu.cn/UpF_Article/2006-12/2006127124725741.gif[/img]
(2)       当[img=109,41]http://www.aoshu.cn/UpF_Article/2006-12/2006127124725393.gif[/img]时,
[img=143,41]http://www.aoshu.cn/UpF_Article/2006-12/2006127124725669.gif[/img]
[img=243,41]http://www.aoshu.cn/UpF_Article/2006-12/2006127124725286.gif[/img]
(3)当[img=47,41]http://www.aoshu.cn/UpF_Article/2006-12/2006127124725267.gif[/img]时,
[img=539,41]http://www.aoshu.cn/UpF_Article/2006-12/2006127124726625.gif[/img]
综合(1),(2),(3),可得,最小值是[img=27,41]http://www.aoshu.cn/UpF_Article/2006-12/2006127124726172.gif[/img]

  61.设线段[img=28,19]http://www.aoshu.cn/UpF_Article/2006-12/2006127124726512.gif[/img]的长度为[img=13,15]http://www.aoshu.cn/UpF_Article/2006-12/2006127124726915.gif[/img],则[img=297,41]http://www.aoshu.cn/UpF_Article/2006-12/2006127124726335.gif[/img]
所以  [img=213,41]http://www.aoshu.cn/UpF_Article/2006-12/2006127124726806.gif[/img]  即[img=69,41]http://www.aoshu.cn/UpF_Article/2006-12/2006127124726441.gif[/img]  [img=109,41]http://www.aoshu.cn/UpF_Article/2006-12/2006127124726360.gif[/img]
即 [img=28,19]http://www.aoshu.cn/UpF_Article/2006-12/2006127124726927.gif[/img]长度为[img=35,41]http://www.aoshu.cn/UpF_Article/2006-12/2006127124727668.gif[/img]

  62.由于36是[img=47,19]http://www.aoshu.cn/UpF_Article/2006-12/2006127124727664.gif[/img]的倍数,所以[img=17,15]http://www.aoshu.cn/UpF_Article/2006-12/2006127124727485.gif[/img]只能是0或3,同理,36也是[img=41,19]http://www.aoshu.cn/UpF_Article/2006-12/2006127124727188.gif[/img]的倍数,所以[img=13,15]http://www.aoshu.cn/UpF_Article/2006-12/2006127124727604.gif[/img]只能是0或1.于是[img=47,19]http://www.aoshu.cn/UpF_Article/2006-12/2006127124727725.gif[/img]是3或18,[img=41,19]http://www.aoshu.cn/UpF_Article/2006-12/2006127124727922.gif[/img]是1或4.在四对数3,1;3,4;18,1和18,4中,只有18和4的最小公倍数是36,因而[img=81,21]http://www.aoshu.cn/UpF_Article/2006-12/2006127124727851.gif[/img]所以[img=68,19]http://www.aoshu.cn/UpF_Article/2006-12/2006127124727120.gif[/img]
  63.设乙跑了X米,则在[img=16,41]http://www.aoshu.cn/UpF_Article/2006-12/2006127124727589.gif[/img]秒时乙发出叫声,声音传到甲处用了[img=41,41]http://www.aoshu.cn/UpF_Article/2006-12/2006127124727924.gif[/img]秒,两段时间之和等于5,所以
  [img=184,63]http://www.aoshu.cn/UpF_Article/2006-12/2006127124727487.gif[/img]米
  64.因为
[img=356,21]http://www.aoshu.cn/UpF_Article/2006-12/2006127124727710.gif[/img]  [img=248,24]http://www.aoshu.cn/UpF_Article/2006-12/2006127124727552.gif[/img][img=364,21]http://www.aoshu.cn/UpF_Article/2006-12/2006127124727562.gif[/img]  [img=247,24]http://www.aoshu.cn/UpF_Article/2006-12/2006127124728516.gif[/img]
所以[img=367,24]http://www.aoshu.cn/UpF_Article/2006-12/2006127124728418.gif[/img]

[img=130,89]http://www.aoshu.cn/UpF_Article/2006-12/2006127124728464.jpg[/img]65.设大正方形长为[img=13,15]http://www.aoshu.cn/UpF_Article/2006-12/2006127124728342.gif[/img],小正方形边长为[img=13,19]http://www.aoshu.cn/UpF_Article/2006-12/2006127124728150.gif[/img],则S△ABC
[img=296,41]http://www.aoshu.cn/UpF_Article/2006-12/2006127124728319.gif[/img][img=284,41]http://www.aoshu.cn/UpF_Article/2006-12/2006127124728981.gif[/img]
[img=105,44]http://www.aoshu.cn/UpF_Article/2006-12/2006127124728154.gif[/img]平方厘米.
  66.设[img=81,21]http://www.aoshu.cn/UpF_Article/2006-12/2006127124728451.gif[/img]则[img=172,24]http://www.aoshu.cn/UpF_Article/2006-12/2006127124728428.gif[/img]其中[img=28,17]http://www.aoshu.cn/UpF_Article/2006-12/2006127124728540.gif[/img]为8或9,因为250052,10[img=9,20]http://www.aoshu.cn/UpF_Article/2006-12/2006127124728240.gif[/img],[img=25,21]http://www.aoshu.cn/UpF_Article/2006-12/2006127124729527.gif[/img]被11除的余数分别为0,-1,1,可设250052=[img=139,24]http://www.aoshu.cn/UpF_Article/2006-12/2006127124729331.gif[/img][img=151,25]http://www.aoshu.cn/UpF_Article/2006-12/2006127124729665.gif[/img]为正整数,故可得[img=43,17]http://www.aoshu.cn/UpF_Article/2006-12/2006127124729587.gif[/img]所以所求四位数是1885或1995.
  67.设1分、2分、5分硬币分别为[img=41,17]http://www.aoshu.cn/UpF_Article/2006-12/2006127124729240.gif[/img]枚,则
            [img=117,48]http://www.aoshu.cn/UpF_Article/2006-12/2006127124729944.gif[/img]      [img=21,45]http://www.aoshu.cn/UpF_Article/2006-12/2006127124729689.gif[/img]
[img=52,21]http://www.aoshu.cn/UpF_Article/2006-12/2006127124729555.gif[/img]得   [img=72,41]http://www.aoshu.cn/UpF_Article/2006-12/2006127124730451.gif[/img]            [img=21,21]http://www.aoshu.cn/UpF_Article/2006-12/2006127124730196.gif[/img]
当[img=36,21]http://www.aoshu.cn/UpF_Article/2006-12/2006127124730805.gif[/img]时,[img=37,19]http://www.aoshu.cn/UpF_Article/2006-12/2006127124730513.gif[/img],[img=37,19]http://www.aoshu.cn/UpF_Article/2006-12/2006127124730778.gif[/img];当[img=39,21]http://www.aoshu.cn/UpF_Article/2006-12/2006127124730636.gif[/img],3,4时均不合题意;当[img=27,17]http://www.aoshu.cn/UpF_Article/2006-12/2006127124730849.gif[/img]5时,[img=37,19]http://www.aoshu.cn/UpF_Article/2006-12/2006127124731116.gif[/img],
[img=39,19]http://www.aoshu.cn/UpF_Article/2006-12/2006127124731289.gif[/img]  ;当[img=27,17]http://www.aoshu.cn/UpF_Article/2006-12/2006127124731166.gif[/img]6,7,8[img=35,19]http://www.aoshu.cn/UpF_Article/2006-12/2006127124731194.gif[/img]均不合题意.
所以,原方程的解为
[img=45,75]http://www.aoshu.cn/UpF_Article/2006-12/2006127124732398.gif[/img]  或[img=47,75]http://www.aoshu.cn/UpF_Article/2006-12/2006127124732215.gif[/img]    [img=136,21]http://www.aoshu.cn/UpF_Article/2006-12/2006127124732100.gif[/img],或[img=125,21]http://www.aoshu.cn/UpF_Article/2006-12/2006127124732583.gif[/img].
 

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